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Though recognised as a late Roman type, the form was a typical Palestinian product throughout the Roman and Byzantine periods. There is a great deal of variation due to its production throughout Palestine (Pieri, 2005). Throughout the second to seventh centuries AD, north Palestinian products have ring handles on the shoulder, a vertical neck, and a sagging, globular body, wider at the base than at the top. Early (second to third centuries AD) examples (Pieri, 2005: Type 1A, Fig. 1) are more cylindrical and smaller than later examples (Pieri, 2005: Type 2A, Fig. 2), the latter being particularly tronco -conical. The same tronco -conical shape continues into the Ummayad period. Early examples have shorter rims than Byzantine examples, which tend to have a moulding at the base of the neck. The body of Pieri Type 1 is partly ribbed, with the centre being left plain. Later examples are ribbed all over the body. The vessels are usually fired to a pale yellow-orange colour. Decoration of the body in white painted loops and horizontal lines is typical. Another series is typical of the late fifth to seventh centuries AD (Pieri, 2005: Type 3, Fig. 3). It has a true globular body and a short, thick vertical rim. The ribbing covers most of the vessel. This type is not usually painted? Note the variant of this shape with a rather square band rim produced/in use in some parts of Galilee, including Capernaum (the ‘Bata’ type/’Galilean jar’, Reynolds, 2005a: Fig. 4). Products of the monasteries of northern Egypt beyond the Nile delta are similar to Type 3, but smaller. Some have characteristic rim types (Pieri, 2005: Type 4, Fig. 5). It should be noted that production of the general type continued during the Ummayad period (Pieri, 2005: Type 5; Reynolds, 2003b: Fig. 1.9-10; Peacock & Williams Class 63, a small variant, probably Egyptian, from Lake Mariout). Abbassid vessels have taller rims, extenuated loop handles (not a circular profile), and a narrower sagging body. All Abbassid examples in Beirut are of Egyptian origin. Minimum height:39.5 (mid sixth century AD Pieri Type 3).
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